The Unsung Hero of Refining

VGO (Vacuum Gas Oil)

Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) is a critical intermediate product derived from vacuum distillation of crude oil. As a leading supplier from Fujairah, we provide high-quality VGO to refineries worldwide for further processing into valuable end-products like diesel, jet fuel, and lubricants.

Where Crude Oil Becomes Refinery Gold

All About VGO (Vacuum Gas Oil)

Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) is a heavy, high-boiling petroleum fraction produced during the vacuum distillation of crude oil residue. Think of it as a valuable intermediary product created from what’s “left over” after the initial atmospheric distillation process. This residue, also known as atmospheric residue or long residue, contains a significant amount of valuable hydrocarbons that would be damaged or decompose if distilled at atmospheric pressure due to excessively high temperatures. Vacuum distillation lowers the boiling points, allowing these components to be separated without thermal cracking.

VGO is not a finished product; instead, it’s a crucial feedstock for downstream refining processes, primarily catalytic cracking (FCC) and hydrocracking units. These processes “crack” the large, complex hydrocarbon molecules in VGO into smaller, more valuable components like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. The properties of VGO, such as its boiling range, sulfur content, and nitrogen content, greatly influence the yield and quality of the final products. Understanding VGO is essential for optimizing refinery operations and maximizing profitability.

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Driving Efficiency in Downstream Processes

VGO (Vacuum Gas Oil) Applications & Uses

Vacuum Gas Oil’s primary role is as a key feedstock for upgrading into more valuable fuels and petrochemicals. Its applications are predominantly within the oil refining industry:

Feedstock for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units : This is the most common application. FCC units use a catalyst and high temperatures to “crack” the large VGO molecules into gasoline, light olefins (propylene and butylene, used in plastics manufacturing), and other valuable products. The quality of the VGO significantly impacts the gasoline yield and octane rating.
Feedstock for Hydrocracking Units : Hydrocracking uses hydrogen and a catalyst to crack and saturate the VGO molecules. This process produces high-quality diesel and jet fuel, as well as lighter naphtha fractions. Hydrocracking is particularly effective for processing VGO with higher sulfur and nitrogen content.
Lube Oil Base Stock Production : Certain types of VGO, especially those with high paraffinic content, can be further processed to produce lube oil base stocks. These base stocks are then blended with additives to create finished lubricating oils for various applications.
Coker Feed : Although less common, VGO can be used as feed to a coker unit. The coker thermally cracks the VGO into lighter products and petroleum coke.
Marine Fuel Blending : VGO can be blended with other fuel components to produce marine fuels, although this application is subject to stringent environmental regulations, particularly regarding sulfur content.

Engineered for Refining Performance

VGO (Vacuum Gas Oil) Specifications

The value of Vacuum Gas Oil is determined by its physical and chemical properties, which influence its suitability for different downstream processes and the yield and quality of the resulting products. Key specifications include:

Boiling Range

This is a crucial characteristic. VGO typically has a boiling range between approximately 650°F (343°C) and 1050°F (566°C). The specific range depends on the crude oil source and the vacuum distillation process. A narrower boiling range can be desirable for certain applications.

Density/API Gravity

Density, often expressed as API gravity, indicates the heaviness of the VGO. Lower API gravity means a heavier, denser oil. This affects the yield and type of products obtained during cracking.

Viscosity

Viscosity measures the resistance of the VGO to flow. Higher viscosity can make it more difficult to pump and process.

Sulfur Content

Sulfur is a major concern due to its contribution to air pollution and its potential to poison catalysts in downstream units. VGO sulfur content can range from low (less than 0.5 wt%) to high (over 2 wt%), depending on the crude oil source. Low-sulfur VGO commands a premium. Regulations increasingly limit the amount of sulfur permitted in finished fuels, creating a strong incentive for desulfurization.

Nitrogen Content

Nitrogen compounds can also poison catalysts and contribute to NOx emissions. Nitrogen content is typically measured in parts per million (ppm)

Metals Content

Trace metals like nickel, vanadium, and iron can also poison catalysts and cause operational problems in downstream units.

Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR)

CCR measures the tendency of the VGO to form coke during thermal cracking. High CCR indicates a greater propensity for coke formation, which can reduce yields and foul equipment.

Basic Nitrogen Number (BN)

Measures the total basic nitrogen compounds present in VGO

Pour Point

Indicates the lowest temperature at which VGO will flow

Refractive Index

Can provide insights into the chemical composition of the VGO.

Seamless Supply, Unwavering Reliability

Supply & Delivery

PETRODO ENERGY is strategically located in Fujairah, a major oil trading hub, providing us with access to a reliable and consistent supply of high-quality VGO. Our advantageous position enables us to offer competitive pricing and flexible delivery options to our customers.

Bunkering Barges

We supply VGO to bunkering barges within Fujairah, enabling efficient refueling of ships and vessels.

Export to FAS Markets

We export VGO to Free Alongside Ship (FAS) markets in the Far East and other regions, providing reliable fuel solutions to our international customers.

Truck Delivery

We offer truck delivery to customers within the Fujairah region, providing convenient and flexible fuel supply options.

VGO News and Market Insights

Explore the latest news, market trends, and expert analysis on Gasoline. From price fluctuations to industry developments, our updates keep you informed and prepared to make strategic decisions in a dynamic energy market.